RFID Reader: A Guide to RFID access control door lock

RFID reader A Guide to RFID access control door lock

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RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification, a technology that enables communication between an RFID reader and an RFID tag using radio frequency signals. An RFID door lock system uses RFID technology for access control.

The RFID tag contains a microchip and an antenna. When the RFID tag is within the range of the RFID reader, the reader sends out a radio frequency signal that activates the tag.

The activated tag then transmits its unique information back to the reader. When it comes to door security, the best access system on the market often involves RFID technology.

To put it simply, we will be discussing how you can use an RFID reader for smart and digital unlocking of doors. This door may be to a room, house, hotel, office building, parking garage, gymnasium, data center, laboratory, warehouse, and various secure facilities.

RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) technology has revolutionized access control systems by making swipe, tap, or key obsolete and by offering a secure way to manage entry points. 

In this guide, we’ll delve into the world of RFID access control door locks, exploring their benefits, components, how they work, advantages and disadvantages, and all you need to know about RFID readers and RFID access control door locks!

So first, let’s have a quick look at what components are required for this technology.

Key components of RFID access control door locking systems:

An RFID door entry system utilizes RFID technology for controlling access to doors or entry points. Individuals with authorized RFID cards can gain entry by presenting their cards to an RFID reader.

RFID access control door lock system components

RFID card

Stack of blank RFID cards for access control systems.
Image courtesy of Add Canada

An RFID card, or Radio Frequency Identification card, is a technology-enabled card that contains a small chip and an antenna. These cards use radio frequency signals to communicate data between the card and a reader device.

Now you must be wondering what the best RFID frequency is. The choice of RFID frequency depends on the specific application. 

  • Low-frequency RFID door lock systems use low-frequency radio waves with a minimal read span of 10 cm, requiring the RFID card or key fob to be near the reader for effective communication. 
  • Where can you use LFH RFID? They are used in access control systems and animal identification; these systems find applications in hotel rooms and VIP room entries. 
  • High-frequency RFID door lock systems offer a readable range extending up to 1 meter and are ideal for contactless payment systems and ticketing systems. 
  • Where can you use HFH RFID? You can use them for library book tracking, ticketing systems, passports, and ID cards.
  • Ultra high-frequency door lock systems offer a readable range of 100 meters, making them ideal for outdoor RFID gate entry systems where the longest range and fastest read times are essential.RFID deadbolt locks provide an additional layer of security for commercial and residential spaces.
  • Where can you use UHF RFID? You can use them for supply chain logistics tracking, vehicle tracking, and retail item tagging.

RFID tags:

Diagram of RFID tag with labeled microchip and antenna.
Image courtesy of Tritonstore

RFID tags can be embedded in keycards or fobs and serve as compact devices containing unique identification information. These electronic markers facilitate identification processes and are commonly utilized in access control systems.

Types of RFID tags: Active RFID tags and passive RFID tags

Active RFID tags:

Active RFID tags are battery-powered sensors that enable the tag to actively transmit signals without relying on an external RFID reader for power.

These RFID tags can transmit signals up to several hundred meters from an RFID reader and have a battery life of 3-5 years

They are commonly used in applications that require continuous and long-range tracking, such as logistics, transportation, and monitoring high-value assets.

Passive RFID tags:

Passive RFID tags rely on the energy provided by the RFID reader during the communication process. The RFID reader sends out a radio signal, and when a passive tag comes into the range of this signal, it absorbs energy from it to power its circuits and transmits data back to the reader.

Passive RFID tags with shorter communication ranges are used in inventory management and access control systems.

RFID reader:

USB RFID reader with cable.
Image courtesy of Amazon

The RFID reader is responsible for extracting information stored on the RFID tag. This device initiates communication with the tag and retrieves the unique identification details, enabling seamless and secure access based on the provided credentials.

Control panel:

The control panel acts as the intermediary between the RFID reader, the database housing relevant information, and the locking mechanism. This coordination ensures the efficient processing of access requests and sends the instructions to the RFID door lock mechanism.

RFID door locking mechanism:

The locking mechanism responds to the signals received from the RFID reader. Based on the authenticated information, it either grants or denies access to the secured area.

This critical component ensures that only individuals with authorized RFID credentials can gain entry.

Now let’s find out how these components altogether facilitate access control:

How does an RFID access control door lock system work?

Drawing of RFID system.
Image courtesy of Researchgate

STEP 1: Presentation of RFID card:

The RFID card or key fob has an embedded tag. The process begins when an individual places their RFID card adjacent to the RFID reader located at the entry point. 

Step 2: RFID reader interaction:

The RFID reader, the central component of the system, communicates with the chip on the RFID card using radio frequency signals. It captures the unique identification data stored on the card’s chip.

Step 3: Transmission to control panel:

The captured data is then transmitted to the control panel, the central hub for communication within the access control system. The control panel acts as a mediator between the RFID reader, the database holding access permissions, and the locking mechanism.

Step 4: Access permission verification:

The control panel checks the transmitted data against the stored access permissions in the database. It verifies whether the individual presenting the RFID card has the authorization to access the secured area.

Step 5: Decision point – Locking mechanism activation:

Based on the access permissions, the control panel makes a decision to either grant or deny access. If the presented RFID card is valid and access is permitted, the control panel triggers the locking mechanism accordingly.

Step 6: Locking mechanism response:

The locking mechanism, which physically controls entry to the secured area, responds to the decision made by the control panel.

If access is granted, the locking mechanism may release or deactivate, allowing the individual to enter. Conversely, if access is denied, the locking mechanism remains engaged.

What features to look for in an RFID door entry system?

RFID door entry system.

Now that you understand the components and operation of an RFID door lock system, you’ll find the market flooded with options. When selecting an RFID door entry system, here are some key features to consider:

  • RFID readers that are easy to install without the need for drilling and have quick installation within minutes using only a screwdriver, eliminating the need for a locksmith, are ideal. 

  • Plan out the required frequency range based on your need that aligns with your security requirements and the type of RFID cards or tags you want to use.

  • RFID reader’s range is also crucial when deciding on the RFID door lock system ensuring it covers the desired distance for smooth and convenient access without sacrificing security.

  • Advanced security features like encryption and secure authentication protocols to safeguard against unauthorized access and potential hacking attempts. In addition to RFID, check if the system supports other authentication methods, like PIN codes or biometrics for an extra layer of security.

  • Ensure the system can integrate seamlessly with your existing access control or security infrastructure. Compatibility with other systems, such as CCTV or alarm systems, is crucial for a comprehensive security setup.

  • If you plan to expand the system to cover more doors or users in the future, a scalable RFID door entry system will provide flexibility.

  • If the door is exposed to harsh weather, choose a system with weather-resistant and durable components, such as high-quality zinc alloy accompanied by a rainproof cover.

Integrating access control into a wider RFID security system:

If you own private or commercial properties, you can use a wider RFID security system to implement access control via specialized software.

It will enable you to manage your staff or members’ credentials, define access permissions, and log access events. This software is crucial for the centralized control and monitoring of the entire system.

You can connect the access control system to a centralized database; this integration ensures that the access control system can authenticate users and enforce security policies. 

The access control system will give you full control over real-time monitoring and tracking of who accesses specific areas and any unauthorized attempts. 

RFID door locks with security cameras:

Install security cameras at strategic locations, including entrances and areas secured with RFID door locks. These cameras serve as a visual record of individuals accessing these areas, enhancing overall security.

Integrate IP security cameras with the broader security system to enable real-time monitoring and recording of access events. This integration provides visual evidence in case of security incidents or breaches.

Set up security cameras with motion detection capabilities to enable the system to produce alerts or notifications in the event of suspicious activities or unauthorized access attempts.

RFID can be integrated with alarms and top-notch remote video monitoring systems to enhance overall security.

When your security devices are linked to a centralized monitoring center, the camera’s AI-triggered detection of any security breach instantly prompts the activation of alarms at the center.

Diligent operators promptly assess the situation using live video feeds, take control through audio talkdown interventions, or adhere to client-set SOPs.

Advantages of RFID access control door lock

Person in a car using an RFID card at a security gate reader.

  • RFID technology offers the benefit of contactless access control, enabling its integration into a protective casing.
    This design not only renders it resistant to weather conditions but also ensures reliable connectivity through obstacles like dust, fog, plastic, paper, or wood.

  • The RFID transmission process is very fast, usually a few seconds. High-frequency RFID readers are the fastest at identifying and reading the identification of multiple tags at the same time.

  • RFID readers are easy to install, and with the convenience of NFC technology in smartphones, every mobile phone itself will become an RFID reader.

  • RFID security gates reduce the need for manual security checks, leading to potential cost savings on personnel.

Disadvantages of RFID access control door lock

  • Long-range RFID skimmers exploit vulnerabilities in RFID systems to intercept communication between RFID tags and readers over an extended distance. These devices can capture data from RFID cards without the cardholder’s knowledge, which may lead to unauthorized access.

Application of RFID 

Hand tapping an RFID token on a scanner at a transit station turnstile.


RFID technology streamlines data capture and identification across various industries with its efficient, automated system that doesn’t require direct line-of-sight.

You can embed RFID tags in numerous places, including within the seams of clothing, for seamless integration. 

The synergy between RFID doors, RFID smart locks, RFID lock access doors, RFID door locks, RFID readers, and RFID deadbolt locks creates a comprehensive security ecosystem.

Common applications include:

  • Businesses use RFID to streamline inventory processes by tracking and managing stock levels automatically, reducing errors, and improving efficiency.
  • RFID aids in monitoring the movement of goods throughout the supply chain, providing real-time visibility, and enhancing logistics and supply chain management.
  • Payment cards, wristbands, or mobile devices integrate RFID technology to enable quick and secure contactless transactions.
  • Organizations attach RFID tags to valuable assets like equipment or vehicles to actively monitor their location and status, enhancing asset management efficiency.
  • Farmers use RFID tags on livestock for identification, tracking health records, and managing breeding programs, contributing to efficient livestock monitoring.

Alternative to RFID access control system

You can consider Near-field communication (NFC) access control as an alternative to RFID access control.

However, the major difference between the two is that the RFID door lock commercial mechanism can communicate at much greater distances, whereas the NFC-based systems have limited ranges. 

Conclusion

Among the array of RFID solutions available, RFID key lock systems stand out as a sophisticated means to fortify security measures. These cutting-edge systems integrate seamlessly with RFID doors, smart locks, and access doors, enhancing security and convenience.

RFID technology has transformed access control systems, providing a secure and efficient means for digital door unlocking.

This guide covered components, working principles, and key considerations for choosing RFID door entry systems, emphasizing their advantages and diverse applications across various industries. 

RFID stands out for its applicability, efficiency, uniqueness, and simplicity, contributing to enhanced security and streamlined processes.

Contact us now for advanced RFID access control solutions for your business.

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